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Exam: 28

B category; en

Actions to take when driving in fog with visibility under 300 metres:

Selecting an appropriate heating/ventilation setting will reduce condensation on the windows; using the windscreen wipers will clear fogged windows and maintain good visibility; switching on the fog lamps will make the road more visible and help other road users notice you. RTR 98. Fog lamps may be used only when visibility is seriously reduced, and the front fog lamps may be used in the event of failure of the front left dipped‑beam headlamp. Poor visibility means a situation caused by weather conditions or other phenomena when road visibility is less than 300 metres, regardless of road parameters.

1. Select the appropriate heating/ventilation mode.

2. Occasionally use the windscreen wipers to clear fogged-up windows.

3. Switch on the fog lamps.

Is it permitted to transport dogs in a motor vehicle?

206. The driver must ensure the safety of pets in the vehicle and make sure they are transported in a way that does not interfere with driving and does not cause injury to the animals or to vehicle occupants if the vehicle stops suddenly.

1. Permitted, provided the animals are secured or restrained so they do not interfere with driving and do not pose a risk of injury to themselves or to the vehicle’s occupants in the event of a sudden stop.

2. Permitted only when the dogs are placed on the vehicle’s front seat.

3. Permitted only when the dogs are placed on the vehicle’s rear seat.

4. Prohibited.

A load projects up to 1 metre beyond the front or rear of a vehicle. It will be transported at night or in conditions of poor visibility. How should this load be marked?

If the load projects less than 1 m beyond the front or rear of the vehicle, marking is not required (RTR 2.10). Any motor vehicle carrying a load that extends more than 1 m beyond the front or rear, or beyond the sides of the vehicle, must have the extremities of the load marked as specified in Annex 4 to these Rules (RTR 4.12). The extremities of loads protruding more than 1 m in front or rear, any projection to the side, and extremities of vehicles wider than 2.6 m must bear distinguishing marks — 400 mm square plates covered with alternating diagonal reflective white and red stripes 50 mm wide. These plates must be mounted not lower than 0.4 m and not higher than 1.6 m above ground level. During hours of darkness or when visibility is poor, such vehicles must have lights at the projecting points: white at the front, amber at the sides and red at the rear. JB

1. Using brightly coloured flags.

2. Distinctive markers — square plates with alternating diagonal reflective white and red stripes.

3. Marked with lights: white at the front, amber at the sides and red at the rear.

4. Marking is not required.

Why is it safer to brake without depressing the clutch while driving downhill?

After releasing the accelerator (engine braking), place your foot on the brake pedal and stop without pressing the clutch. This is the most effective braking method, especially in winter when roads are slippery. Braking with the clutch disengaged reduces stopping effectiveness and vehicle stability, increasing the risk of skidding to the side. JB

1. Braking is more effective.

2. The vehicle remains more stable during braking.

3. The tires will not wear out as quickly.

How should you drive on a slippery road?

A safe speed depends on all circumstances, including weather, road surface and vehicle condition, as well as the driver's experience and level of alertness. (RTR 127) Drivers must not exceed the permissible speed limits. A driver must choose a speed appropriate to the conditions — taking into account terrain, road and vehicle condition (including load), weather, and traffic density — so that they can stop safely before any foreseeable obstruction. The driver must reduce speed or stop when conditions require, particularly when visibility is poor. JB

1. Maintain a larger-than-usual following distance from other vehicles.

2. When necessary, apply the brakes very gently.

3. Avoid sudden movements of the steering wheel or abrupt changes to the accelerator.

4. Select a safe driving speed.

What should guide road users' behaviour?

Road users should adhere to the principles of mutual respect and safety.

1. Their income.

2. The position they hold.

3. Their social status.

4. Mutual respect and safety.

Which vehicles can turn right?

RTR 77.2. Right arm extended forward: 77.2.1. Vehicles on the left side of the traffic officer may proceed in any direction; 77.2.2. Vehicles facing the traffic officer may proceed only to the right; 77.2.3. Vehicles behind the traffic officer and on the right side must not proceed; 77.2.4. Pedestrians may cross the carriageway behind the traffic officer.

1. The red vehicle.

2. The brown vehicle.

3. The blue vehicle.

Why does a vehicle pull to one side during braking?

If a vehicle pulls to one side only during braking, the fault lies in the braking system. If the wheel alignment is incorrect or there is a malfunction in the steering system, the vehicle may also pull to one side while driving.

1. Because the wheels are misaligned.

2. Because the braking system is applying unevenly.

3. Because of a malfunction in the steering mechanism.

In this situation, is the driver of the green vehicle permitted to cross the indicated double horizontal line when completing the overtaking maneuver?

He is allowed because the driver of the green vehicle must complete the overtaking maneuver. RTR Annex 3.1.10: A double line composed of two narrow parallel lines — one solid and one broken — separates traffic moving in opposite directions or in the same direction on road sections where lane changing is permitted only from one lane. It also marks locations for U-turns and the entrances and exits of parking areas where travel is allowed in only one direction. Drivers may cross this line from the side of the broken line, and they may also cross it from the side of the solid line only when finishing an overtaking or passing maneuver.

1. No — he is not allowed.

2. Yes — he is allowed.

Which of the following should you avoid to prevent unnecessary noise?

Driving smoothly and courteously helps prevent unnecessary noise. Sudden engine revving, hard braking or wheel lock-up produce loud sounds that disturb others. Slamming vehicle doors or using the horn without cause breaches public order. These actions not only create noise pollution but also demonstrate irresponsible driving behaviour.

1. Avoid sharply increasing engine revolutions (sudden revving).

2. Avoid slamming the vehicle door shut.

3. Avoid using the horn without a valid reason.

4. Avoid braking by locking the wheels.

How should the seat belt be fastened correctly?

RTR p. 197. Seat belts must be worn over the shoulder and across the lap, or in the manner specified by the vehicle manufacturer. JB

1. Seat belts must be worn over the shoulder and across the lap, or as specified by the vehicle manufacturer.

2. It is not necessary to wear a seat belt.

In low-visibility conditions, a driver should select a speed so that the stopping distance is:

Stopping distance is the distance a vehicle covers from the moment the driver becomes aware of an obstacle until the vehicle comes to a complete stop.

1. Shorter than the length of the visible road ahead.

2. Longer than the length of the visible road ahead.

In what order will the vehicles pass through the intersection?

The yellow vehicle goes first because it is the only one without a vehicle to its right obstructing its path. Next comes the green vehicle, and last is the red vehicle. RTR 155. At an uncontrolled intersection, drivers must yield to vehicles approaching from the right when their trajectories intersect.

1. The yellow vehicle first, followed by the green vehicle, and finally the red vehicle.

2. The green vehicle first, then the red vehicle, and finally the yellow vehicle.

3. The red and yellow vehicles together first, followed by the green vehicle.

4. The green vehicle first, then the red and yellow vehicles together.

Persons riding animals are prohibited from:

67. Only persons aged 14 or older may drive an animal-drawn vehicle, herd animals or birds, or ride an animal on a road. 72. Drivers of animal-drawn vehicles, those herding animals or birds, riders, and other persons must not: 72.1. leave animals or birds unattended on a road or near a road; 72.2. tie animals so that they could enter a road; 72.3. herd animals or birds along a cobbled road or roads with asphalt or concrete pavement without the road owner's consent; 72.4. herd animals or birds across railway tracks or a road where there are no specially designated crossings; 72.5. ride an animal on the carriageway during hours of darkness; 72.6. drive animal-drawn vehicles, herd animals or birds, or ride animals on motorways and highways; 72.7. drive animal-drawn vehicles, herd animals or birds, or ride animals while under the influence of alcohol or psychoactive substances.

1. Riding an animal while under the influence of alcohol or psychoactive substances.

2. Riding an animal on the carriageway during hours of darkness, and riding on motorways and highways.

3. Riding an animal on roads if the rider is under 14 years old.

4. Riding an animal on the carriageway during daylight hours.

In which situations must a driver signal their intended actions using the vehicle's turn signal?

82. A driver must signal intended maneuvers using the vehicle's turn signals, or by arm signals if the electrical indicators are inoperative or unavailable: 82.1 before starting to move and before stopping; 82.2 before changing lanes, before and after overtaking, before and after passing an obstruction, before turning right or left, before making a U-turn, and before exiting a roundabout.

1. Before entering a roundabout.

2. Before exiting a roundabout.

3. Prior to making a right or left turn.

4. Before making a U-turn.

The requirement to 'Give Way' means:

3. Terms used in the Road Traffic Rules: 3.2. 'Give way' means that drivers must stop, or must not begin to drive or manoeuvre, if doing so would require other vehicle drivers to change their direction of travel or their speed.

1. That drivers on a side road must yield to vehicles approaching the intersection on a priority road.

2. That drivers must stop, or must not begin to drive or manoeuvre, if doing so would force other vehicle drivers to change their direction of travel or their speed.

3. That at an uncontrolled intersection drivers must yield to vehicles approaching from the right.

A vehicle has broken down on the road. What is the safest action to take?

1. Have the vehicle removed from the roadway as soon as possible using a tow truck (rigid towing).

2. Turn on your hazard lights and wait beside the vehicle.

3. Try to push the vehicle to the side of the road.

4. Stop and attempt to repair the vehicle while still on the roadway.

What is the function of a cardan shaft?

A cardan shaft is a mechanical component with a universal joint at one or both ends. It transmits torque and rotational motion. It is used for the following reasons: - To accommodate misalignment between shafts; - To allow changes in shaft position (for example, when driving over uneven terrain); - To transmit torque.

1. To transmit rotational motion to the drive wheels.

2. To transmit torque to the drive wheels.

3. To transmit inertia forces.

Are you permitted to proceed in this situation?

RTR 77. Signals given by traffic officers have the following meanings: 77.3. Arm raised upward: 77.3.1. All road users must not proceed in any direction.

1. Yes — you may proceed.

2. No — you must not proceed.

Which of the following most accurately defines a vehicle keeper?

LAW ON ROAD TRAFFIC SAFETY Article 2. §84. "Vehicle keeper" shall mean a person in possession of and using a vehicle by virtue of ownership, trust, lease, hire, or another lawful basis.

1. A person driving a vehicle owned by someone else while the vehicle owner (the document holder) occupies the passenger seat.

2. A person who possesses a vehicle and uses it by virtue of ownership, trust, lease, hire, or another lawful basis.

3. A person driving someone else’s vehicle when the vehicle owner (the document holder) is not present.

4. Any individual who is simply driving a vehicle.

What must you do on an unlit road at night when repairing your car?

RTR 151. If a vehicle is forced to stop where standing or parking is prohibited, the driver must switch on the hazard warning lights if available and/or place a warning triangle on the road as specified in Paragraph 92 of the Rules, and remove the vehicle from the road as soon as possible. If the driver intends to stop on unlit sections of road during the hours of darkness or when visibility is poor, and the hazard warning lights are not available or are inoperative, the vehicle must be parked off the carriageway. If that is impossible, the stopping location must be marked as specified in Paragraph 92 of the Rules. RTR 92. If the emergency light signalling system is not fitted or is defective and an emergency stop is required where stopping or parking is prohibited, in the event of an accident, or where the stopped vehicle would be visible to other road users from less than 100 metres, the driver of a motor vehicle (other than a motor moped or a motorcycle without a trailer), a tractor or a self-propelled machine must immediately erect an emergency stop sign on the side of the carriageway opposite the direction of travel: in built-up areas not closer than 25 m, and outside built-up areas not closer than 50 m to the stopped vehicle. If at least one rear position lamp is defective and the emergency light signal does not work when driving in the dark or in poor visibility, an emergency stop sign must be affixed to the rear of the vehicle in order to continue driving. Law on Road Traffic Safety art. 13.14. The driver of a motor vehicle, tractor or self-propelled machine who stops at night on an unlit road or in conditions of poor visibility, except in designated parking spaces, must wear a high-visibility vest with reflective elements. JB

1. Switch on the hazard warning lights (emergency flashers).

2. Place a warning triangle on the road if the hazard lights are unavailable or inoperative.

3. Wear a high-visibility vest with reflective elements.

4. Station a person to warn other drivers by waving their arms.

How should you drive to minimize fuel consumption and maximize range?

Driving uphill requires more power than driving on level ground. Therefore, maintain a steady speed and avoid accelerating on climbs. It is reasonable to increase speed on level sections or when driving downhill. At a constant speed, using a higher gear reduces engine revolutions; lower revolutions mean the engine works less and uses less fuel. Do not coast in neutral when descending — this is not only uneconomical but also unsafe. While coasting downhill, vehicle systems may cut fuel supply, so the instrument reading can show 0.0 l/100 km (if you do not press the accelerator). It is most economical to start moving immediately after you start the engine. Idling a stationary vehicle consumes fuel and emits pollutants; the engine will warm up and reach normal operating temperature during driving (unless there is a malfunction).

1. Shift into neutral and coast when descending a hill.

2. Avoid accelerating when driving uphill.

3. Use the highest appropriate gear possible.

4. Delay driving until the engine reaches normal operating temperature.

When may the front fog lamps be used?

Regulation RTR 98: Fog lamps may be used only when visibility is severely reduced. Front fog lamps may also be used if the left front dipped-beam headlamp has failed. According to the Law on Road Traffic Safety, Article 2(5), 'poor visibility' means a situation caused by weather or other phenomena in which road visibility is less than 300 metres, regardless of road characteristics.

1. In fog, when road visibility is 400 metres.

2. When visibility is severely reduced.

3. During rain or snow, when road visibility exceeds 300 metres.

What or who provides a driver with useful information while driving on the road?

A driver obtains information from: - the road itself; - the surrounding environment; - moving road users (vehicles, pedestrians, road workers, etc.); - stationary objects on the road (central islands, speed bumps, road markings, etc.); - road signs; - traffic lights; - the condition of the road surface; - environmental and weather conditions. RTR 53: Passengers must not distract the driver or interfere with their driving.

1. From the road and the surrounding environment.

2. From moving and stationary objects on the road.

3. From road signs and traffic lights.

4. From passengers.

When making a turn, a vehicle is more stable when it is moving:

Compared with coasting (driving in neutral), driving with a gear engaged provides better control because, even without pressing the accelerator, the engine maintains steady rotational force on the driven wheels. Rapidly reducing speed during a turn can make the vehicle less stable, while increasing speed can make it harder to complete the turn smoothly due to the higher centrifugal force. Choose and maintain an appropriate speed before entering the turn.

1. With the gearbox engaged.

2. With the gearbox disengaged (in neutral).

3. By increasing speed.

4. By reducing speed.

When should you switch on your windscreen wipers while driving in sleet?

A driver must maintain clear forward visibility in all weather conditions. Use the windscreen wipers according to the intensity of precipitation, traffic, presence of pedestrians and other circumstances. Waiting until "the windscreen is covered in snow and you are unable to see anything" is too late.

1. Only when the windscreen is completely covered with snow and you cannot see anything.

2. Before another vehicle driving alongside you can splash dirty water onto your windscreen.

3. Before an oncoming vehicle can splash dirty water onto your windscreen.

4. In advance, so you are not distracted while searching for the windscreen wiper control.

How can you conserve fuel and reduce environmental pollution?

Carrying a 100 kg load in city driving increases fuel consumption by about 0.5 L per 100 km. The air conditioner consumes approximately 0.5–1.0 L/100 km; a fan consumes about 0.08–0.3 L/100 km; the radio about 0.06–0.21 L/100 km; modern audio systems about 0.2–0.7 L/100 km. JB

1. Remove unnecessary items from the vehicle before driving.

2. Use the air conditioner only when necessary.

3. Use electrical accessories only when necessary.

When approaching a traffic-light-controlled intersection and you notice the green light has been on for a long time, what should you do?

A green light that has been lit for an extended period may change to yellow shortly. You may proceed, but remain vigilant and be prepared to stop safely. 73. Traffic light signals mean: 73.1. A steady circular green light permits movement in all directions (straight ahead, to the right, to the left, or a U-turn); 73.3. A flashing green light permits movement but warns that its time is ending and the signals are about to change.

1. Stop immediately.

2. Increase your speed.

3. Continue driving but be prepared to stop.

Which description corresponds to a "Bicycle path"?

Law on Road Traffic Safety, Art. 2, para. 11. "Bicycle path" — a road or part of a road intended for the movement of bicycles, motorcycles and electric micromobility vehicles, marked with appropriate road signs. A bicycle path must be separated from the roadway or its lanes by engineering measures.

1. A portion of the roadway, or a separate path, designated for bicycle and moped traffic.

2. A road or section of road intended for the movement of bicycles, motorcycles and electric micromobility vehicles, marked by appropriate road signs.

3. A portion of the road designated for shared pedestrian and bicycle use.

Is it permitted to carry passengers in a towed vehicle when a flexible towing link is used?

Passengers may be carried in a towed vehicle except when the vehicle is being towed with its front or rear supported on a towing platform or other support device. Regulation 195 states that drivers must not: 195.4. carry passengers inside a bus, trolleybus, or the body of a goods vehicle that is being towed; if the front or rear of a vehicle is resting on a support device, passengers must not be inside the vehicle or in its cargo body.

1. Yes — it is allowed.

2. No — it is not allowed.

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