Warning signs alert drivers to upcoming changes in traffic conditions. Sign 126, 'Two-Way Traffic', indicates the start of a carriageway section with opposing traffic. Sign 504, 'End of One-Way Traffic', is a regulatory sign that marks the end of a one-way traffic section. (RTR Annex 1: 126 and 504.)

RTR – Annex 3. 1.26. A double broken line indicates lanes of opposing traffic; it separates flows of traffic moving in opposite directions. Vehicles must not cross this line when it separates traffic moving in opposite directions. If the line separates lanes moving in the same direction, vehicles may cross it from either side when the green lane-control light is illuminated. When the amber lane-control light is illuminated, vehicles may cross it only if the line is to the driver’s right.

RTR 77. Signals given by traffic officers have the following meanings: 77.3. Arm raised upward: 77.3.1. All road users must not proceed in any direction.

According to rule 131.1: On motorways, from April to October the maximum speed for passenger cars, goods vehicles with a permissible maximum weight up to 3.5 tonnes, motorcycles, and tricycles is 130 km/h, and from November to March it is 110 km/h. On expressways (highways) the limit is 120 km/h from April to October and 110 km/h from November to March. On roads with asphalt or concrete pavement the limit is 90 km/h, and on other roads it is 70 km/h.

The white car goes first because it has no vehicle on its right. It does not need to stop in the middle of the intersection because the green car, which is turning left, does not obstruct it. Next, the red car proceeds because the white car is no longer to its right. Finally, the green car goes. The white and green cars cannot go at the same time because the green car must yield to the red car on its right. (RTR 155) At an uncontrolled intersection, drivers must yield to vehicles approaching from the right when their paths intersect.

The motorcycle, being the only vehicle with no approaching traffic from the right, will enter the intersection first but will stop in the middle to give way to the passenger car (see Paragraph 157 of the Road Traffic Rules). After that, the goods vehicle will proceed through the intersection, as there will no longer be any vehicles approaching it from the right. The passenger car will go second, and the motorcycle will be last. A driver must comply with the requirement of Paragraph 155 of the Road Traffic Rules when driving straight ahead, turning left, or making a U-turn. RTR 155. At an uncontrolled intersection, drivers must give way to vehicles approaching from the right if the vehicle trajectories intersect. RTR 157. When turning left or making a U-turn, the driver shall give way to oncoming vehicles on a road of equal importance that are driving straight ahead or turning right, and—at an intersection where overtaking is allowed—to overtaking vehicles as well.

131. The following speed limits apply outside built-up areas: 131.2. Vehicles of categories A1, A2, A or B driven by novice drivers, persons learning to drive or taking a practical driving test, and buses (including school buses) are subject to the following maximum speeds: 100 km/h on motorways, 90 km/h on highways, 80 km/h on roads with asphalt or concrete pavement, and 70 km/h on other roads.

RTR 163. When driving in the direction indicated by an arrow illuminated in an auxiliary section of the traffic light together with an amber or red main signal, the driver must yield to road users coming from other directions who have a traffic-light signal permitting them to proceed, except as provided in Paragraph 163-1 of the Rules. RTR 163-1. When making a U-turn at an intersection controlled by traffic lights, the driver must yield to road users coming from other directions who are permitted to proceed by the traffic-light signal. JB

XXIX. Obligations of Road Users in the Event of a Road Accident (paras. 219–222) 219. In the event of a road accident, every driver involved or any other road user must: 219.4. if a person has died or been injured in the road accident, report the accident to the police and remain at the scene of the accident or, after notifying the police, return to the scene and wait for the police to arrive, except in cases where the police permit the road user to leave the scene, or where casualties or the person reporting the accident require urgent first aid; 220. If no deaths or injuries occurred in the road accident and the road users involved in the accident agree on the circumstances of the accident and do not call the police to the scene, the road users involved must draw the accident diagram on the Road Accident Report Form, describe the circumstances in writing, and have it signed by all involved road users. If none of the road users involved has the Road Accident Report Form, the circumstances may be described and the diagram drawn on a blank sheet of paper where all road users involved, their vehicles, and witnesses are listed, and all details and circumstances of the accident are confirmed by the signatures of the road users involved. Where the circumstances of the accident are disputed, the police must be called to the scene.

The Road Traffic Rules prohibit stopping on a pedestrian crossing. At the same time, general duties require road users to avoid or minimise harm. RTR III.9: Road users must take all necessary precautions; they must not endanger the safety or health of other road users or third parties, damage property, or obstruct traffic. Road users should also make every reasonable effort to avoid or reduce harmful effects, except where such measures would put their own life or health or the life or health of others at risk, or would cause greater damage than the damage avoided. RTR V.32: A driver must not enter a pedestrian crossing until pedestrians who must be given way have left the lane occupied by the driver, and must not enter if there is an obstruction (e.g., congestion) ahead that could force the vehicle to stop. RTR XVII.150: Standing and parking are prohibited: 150.4 on pedestrian crossings and within 5 metres before them; and, on roads with one lane in each direction, also within 5 metres after pedestrian crossings.

Vehicles may be approaching from the rear on the left-hand side, so opening the door could be unsafe. (RTR 148) Do not open the doors of a parked vehicle if doing so would create an obstruction or pose a hazard to other road users.

The primary characteristics of a driver's will are discipline, determination, self-control, and perseverance. Disciplined drivers consistently obey the rules of the road (RTR). Determined drivers do not hesitate about decisions they make while operating a vehicle. A driver's self-control is demonstrated by remaining calm in complex traffic situations and by showing respect for other road users. Perseverance is the ability to overcome difficulties encountered on the road.

If the red battery warning light illuminates while the engine is running, it indicates the alternator (generator) has failed and the battery is not being charged.

3.17 Choosing a safe distance: operate the vehicle so that: 3.17.3. the distance to other vehicles, whether moving or stationary, is safe relative to any parked vehicle — maintain sufficient clearance to prevent parked vehicles or other obstacles from causing interference. When the vehicle is parked in a parking space, the lateral clearance should permit opening the vehicle's doors.

JB

A catalytic converter neutralises (burns) harmful exhaust gases. It converts three toxic substances—carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and unburnt hydrocarbons (UHC)—into non-toxic substances through oxidation and reduction reactions. Its purpose is not to dampen engine noise; that is the role of the muffler (silencer). Removing a catalytic converter can alter the car's exhaust sound and often makes it louder or harsher, but this is only a side effect, not the converter's primary function.

A cardan shaft is a mechanical component with a universal joint at one or both ends. It transmits torque and rotational motion. It is used for the following reasons: - To accommodate misalignment between shafts; - To allow changes in shaft position (for example, when driving over uneven terrain); - To transmit torque.

Even if the overtaking vehicle will exceed the speed limit while overtaking and thus violate the rules, you must not endanger yourself or others; you should allow the overtaking to take place. Road users must follow the principle of mutual respect and safety. 138. The driver of the vehicle being overtaken must not obstruct drivers who wish to overtake that vehicle by accelerating or by any other actions.

A narrow continuous (solid) line prohibits overtaking. There is an exception when the road has both a narrow solid line and the road sign "Overtaking Prohibited" (RTR Annex 1.325): that sign indicates overtaking is prohibited except for single vehicles or single-vehicle combinations traveling slower than 30 km/h, which means very slow-moving vehicles (e.g., tractors) may be passed. In the pictured case there is no such sign—only a continuous line—so overtaking, even of a very slowly moving tractor, is not permitted. RTR Annex 1.805 "The Validity Zone Ahead" indicates the length of the zone to which a sign applies beyond the sign itself. Horizontal Marking 1.1: A narrow solid line separates opposing traffic and forbids drivers from using the oncoming lane on the marked section; it also marks lane boundaries, carriageway areas vehicles are prohibited from entering, parking-space limits, and the carriageway edge. Vehicles must not cross this line except where it marks the edge of the carriageway or a parking space.

The parking brake may be used only in emergency situations (to prevent a collision) or if the foot brake fails.

Even if another driver breaks the rules by overtaking or exceeding the speed limit, you must not endanger other road users — allow that driver to overtake you. 4. Road users shall follow the principle of mutual respect and safety.

LAW ON ROAD TRAFFIC SAFETY Article 2. §84. "Vehicle keeper" shall mean a person in possession of and using a vehicle by virtue of ownership, trust, lease, hire, or another lawful basis.

RTR 30. When approaching an uncontrolled pedestrian crossing, a driver must slow down or stop before the crossing to yield to pedestrians who have stepped into any lane, are moving within any lane, or are standing immediately before a lane (at the edge of the roadway) waiting for the opportunity to step into that lane in the direction of the vehicle’s travel or into any lane on a road with one lane in each direction. Drivers must take extra precautions during hours of darkness, when visibility is poor, or whenever a pedestrian crossing is not clearly visible from the driver’s position, and must ensure there are no pedestrians who should be given way at the crossing.

This is not an intersection but the entrance to a yard. Therefore, vehicle C is not prohibited from parking in this way. RTR 150. Standing and parking shall be prohibited: 150.15 at crossroads and in places where vehicles enter the road from adjacent areas and exit the road to adjacent areas, and within a 5-metre distance from those points (on the side of the road where the entrance/exit is located), except where road signs permit parking.

Traffic Regulations (RTR) 116. Turning around is prohibited under clause 116.4: on and under bridges, overpasses, and viaducts. JB

The blue car is on the priority (main) road, so it has the right of way and must proceed first — the fact that the green car is to its right is irrelevant. Only after the blue car has passed may the green car proceed. (RTR 154) At a controlled intersection, drivers entering from a side road must yield to vehicles on the priority road.

RTR 163. When driving in the direction indicated by an arrow displayed in the supplementary section of a traffic light together with an amber or red signal, the driver must yield to road users coming from other directions who have a traffic signal permitting them to proceed, except as provided in Paragraph 163-1. 163-1. When making a U-turn at an intersection controlled by traffic lights, the driver must yield to road users from other directions who are permitted to proceed by a traffic signal. JB

RTR 168. Before entering and crossing a level crossing, road users must obey road signs, road markings, the position of barriers, traffic lights, audible warnings, and the signals of level crossing attendants/controllers. Before entering a level crossing, a road user must always ensure that no rail vehicle is approaching the level crossing. It is recommended that children under 12 be accompanied by an adult when crossing a level crossing.

If a bend in the road is sharper than anticipated, you must reduce your speed.

RTR 40. An organised group of children consisting of persons under the age of 16 must be accompanied by at least two accompanying persons. Such a group should use pavements, footpaths or combined footpaths and cycle tracks (on the pedestrian side) if available; if these are not available, the group may use the hard shoulder but only in daylight, with good visibility, in no more than two abreast and against the flow of traffic when it is safe to do so. Accompanying persons must be positioned at the front and the rear of the column and wear high-visibility vests. It is recommended that all children in the organised group who walk along the hard shoulder also wear high-visibility vests.