Explanation of terms: • To brake – press the brake pedal; the car slows down rapidly and stops before the expected obstacle. • To release the accelerator pedal – take your foot off the gas; the car gradually slows on its own but does not come to a complete stop and continues moving. • To drive without changing speed – keep the accelerator position the same; the car continues at a constant speed. RTR 128. If there is an obstruction or traffic safety is at risk, the driver must reduce speed or, if necessary, bring the vehicle to a complete stop or steer around the obstruction (if it can be seen) without creating a hazard for other road users.

RTR 92. If the emergency light signaling system is not fitted or is defective and an emergency stop is required where stopping or parking is prohibited, in the event of an accident, or where the stopped vehicle would be visible to other road users from less than 100 metres, the driver of a motor vehicle (other than a motor moped or a motorcycle without a trailer), a tractor, or a self‑propelled machine must immediately place an emergency stop sign on the carriageway side opposite the direction of travel: in built‑up areas not less than 25 m from the stopped vehicle, and outside built‑up areas not less than 50 m. If at least one rear position lamp is defective and the hazard warning lights are not working when driving at night or in poor visibility, an emergency stop sign must be affixed to the rear of the vehicle in order to continue driving. RTR 151. When a vehicle is forced to stop where standing or parking is forbidden, drivers must switch on their hazard warning lights if available and/or place a warning triangle on the road as specified in Paragraph 92 of the Rules and remove their vehicle from the road as soon as possible. If drivers intend to stop their vehicle on unlit sections of the road during darkness or when visibility is poor, and hazard warning lights are not available or are inoperative, the vehicle must be parked off the carriageway. If this is impossible, the location must be marked as specified in Paragraph 92 of the Rules. JB

Drivers should check that all vehicle lights are working before every long journey and at least once every six months. Properly functioning lights help you assess road conditions accurately and reduce the risk of accidents.

If the windows fog up (for example after washing the vehicle), the heating/ventilation setting may be incorrect.

Paragraph 210 of the Road Traffic Rules states that a load must be marked if it extends more than 1 metre beyond the front or rear of the vehicle. A load that extends up to and including 1 metre may remain unmarked; any extension beyond 1 metre must be marked. RTR 210: Any motor vehicle carrying a load which extends beyond the front and rear of the vehicle by more than 1 m or beyond the side of the vehicle must have the extremities of the load marked as provided for in Annex 4 to these Rules.

Long journeys can cause the driver to become distracted and fatigued for extended periods, which reduces reaction time and concentration and increases the risk of mistakes. It is recommended to take breaks every 1.5 to 2 hours or after driving approximately 200 kilometres. Sitting for long periods can lead to muscle tension and poor circulation, so getting out of the vehicle helps relax the body and improve well‑being. Exiting the car or opening a window to breathe fresh air can refresh the mind, restore energy and improve concentration.

RTR Annex 3.1.4: A continuous yellow line along the carriageway edge indicates areas where stopping or parking is prohibited; it may also be used to mark lanes affected by roadworks. Vehicles must not cross this line. When a yellow continuous line is used together with white lane markings, drivers must obey the yellow line. RTR Annex 3.1.27: A yellow zigzag line marks a section or side of the road where stopping and parking are prohibited along the entire length of the zigzag.

Explanation of terms: • To brake – means pressing the brake pedal; the car quickly slows down and stops before the expected obstacle. • To release the accelerator pedal – means taking your foot off the gas; the car gradually slows down on its own but does not stop completely, it keeps moving. • To drive without changing speed – means pressing the gas pedal the same amount; the car continues moving at a constant speed. RTR 127. Drivers must not exceed the permissible speed limit. A driver must select the driving speed in accordance with the driving conditions, in particular the terrain, the condition of the road and the vehicle including the load, weather conditions, traffic heaviness so that he could safely stop the vehicle before any predictable obstruction. The driver must slow down and stop if the driving circumstances require so, in particular when visibility is poor. RTR 135. Drivers must not: 135.2. exceed the speed limit specified on the vehicle marking plate;  135.3. drive too slowly without reason and hinder the normal traffic of other road users;  135.4. slow down abruptly for other than safety reasons.

629. 'Place of Interest' sign. Indicates the name of a cultural or historical site of interest. The sign has a brown background.

Even if another driver breaks the rules by overtaking or exceeding the speed limit, you must not endanger other road users — allow that driver to overtake you. 4. Road users shall follow the principle of mutual respect and safety.

Always make safety your priority. That means thinking ahead, planning your actions, and anticipating the behavior of other road users.

Stationary vehicles positioned before a pedestrian crossing restrict visibility. Drivers must exercise extra caution and may continue only after confirming that no pedestrians entitled to right of way are at the crossing. (RTR 30.) When approaching an uncontrolled pedestrian crossing, a driver must reduce speed or stop before the crossing to give way to pedestrians who have already entered any lane, are walking in any lane, or were standing immediately at the carriageway edge waiting to step into a lane in the direction of the vehicle’s travel—or into any lane on a road with one lane in each direction. Drivers must be especially careful at night, in poor visibility, or whenever the crossing is not clearly visible from the driver’s position, and must ensure there are no pedestrians who should be given way.

Drivers of special (emergency) vehicles — such as ambulances, police, and fire service vehicles — may use blue and red (or only blue) flashing lights and special audible signals when necessary to: (1) save human life or health; (2) protect property; (3) ensure public order and traffic safety; (4) apprehend persons suspected of offences; or (5) escort or accompany official delegates and protected persons. Flashing lights must be visible in all directions (360°). While using these signals, drivers of special vehicles may disregard certain traffic rules specified in the Regulations, provided they do not jeopardize traffic safety and only after ensuring that other road users are giving way. They must drive cautiously and avoid creating danger to other road users. Other road users are required to give way immediately to such vehicles so they can pass safely and quickly. The right of way also applies to drivers of vehicles being escorted by special vehicles.

RTR 165 p. When a prohibitory traffic signal or a traffic regulator's signal is displayed, the driver must stop before the 'Stop line' road sign and/or before the marked stop line. If neither is present, the driver must stop before the traffic light, before the junction or the connecting carriageway, before a pedestrian crossing, or before a bicycle crossing, in such a position that does not obstruct vehicular or pedestrian traffic.

When driving with tyres that have insufficient air pressure, the outer edges of the tyres wear more quickly, shortening tyre lifespan. Low tyre pressure also reduces vehicle stability and increases rolling resistance, which raises fuel consumption.

When a wheel travels through standing water, the vehicle can aquaplane (ride on a layer of water), causing loss of traction and possible skidding. Hold the steering wheel firmly and gradually reduce speed to regain traction and maintain control.

The stopping distance increases when towing a trailer downhill because the trailer’s mass pushes the towing vehicle forward, adding momentum. Conversely, when driving uphill the trailer’s weight helps slow the vehicle and reduces the stopping distance.

The higher the vehicle's speed when cornering, the greater the effect of inertia and the higher the risk of the car sliding sideways. Lower speeds reduce inertia and the risk of sliding. A larger turning radius (a gentler curve) also reduces lateral inertial forces.

Passengers may be carried in a towed vehicle except when the vehicle is being towed with its front or rear supported on a towing platform or other support device. Regulation 195 states that drivers must not: 195.4. carry passengers inside a bus, trolleybus, or the body of a goods vehicle that is being towed; if the front or rear of a vehicle is resting on a support device, passengers must not be inside the vehicle or in its cargo body.

Stopping distance is the distance a vehicle travels from the moment the driver notices an obstruction until the vehicle comes to a complete stop. Braking distance is the distance the vehicle travels from the moment the brakes are fully applied until it stops. Reaction distance is the distance the vehicle travels from the moment the driver detects an obstruction until the driver begins to apply the brakes.

A squeal heard during a sudden rise in engine RPM is typically caused by a loose or worn accessory drive belt, which can slip on the pulleys.

When drivers are tired and drive: their memory diminishes; drivers take more time to notice signals and understand certain situations; driving efficiency declines; attention decreases; the reaction time slows down; and the control of a vehicle becomes worse.   

Stopping distance is the distance a vehicle covers from the moment the driver becomes aware of an obstacle until the vehicle comes to a complete stop.

Road sign 334 — “No parking on odd days”. Parking is prohibited on the side of the road where this sign is placed on odd-numbered days of the month. Road sign 335 — “No parking on even days”. Parking is prohibited on the side of the road where this sign is placed on even-numbered days of the month. When signs 334 and 335 are installed on both sides of the road, vehicles must be moved from one side to the other between 19:00 and 24:00 (7:00 pm–12:00 am); during that interval, parking is permitted on either side of the road.

Road sign 101 — “Level Crossing with Barrier”: indicates a level crossing protected by a barrier. Road sign 102 — “Level Crossing without Barrier”: indicates a level crossing that has no barrier. Road sign 142 — “Level Crossing Ahead”: warns of a level crossing ahead outside built-up areas; this sign is placed as close as possible to the crossing on the right-hand side of the road. Road sign 139 — “Multi-Track Railway”: indicates a level crossing without a barrier across a railway with two or more tracks.

RTR 112. When an acceleration lane is provided for entering a roadway, the driver must use it to gain speed and merge into the main traffic flow, yielding to vehicles already on the road. The driver may change lanes as necessary or enter a deceleration lane when appropriate. JB

RTR 21. Driving training. 4. Driving instruction on roads is permitted only when the student possesses sufficient driving skill. Instruction may be carried out only on roads where the owner has not prohibited it.

According to the Road Traffic Rules, there are no such places where drivers are prohibited from braking. Braking is necessary to ensure traffic safety; therefore, drivers brake when they need to.