RTR 206. A driver must ensure the safety of pets in a vehicle and must ensure that pets are transported so they do not interfere with driving and cannot injure themselves or vehicle occupants or other road users if the driver makes a sudden stop.

129. The maximum speed limit within built-up areas for all vehicles is 50 km/h.

A safe speed depends on all circumstances, including weather, road surface and vehicle condition, as well as the driver's experience and level of alertness. (RTR 127) Drivers must not exceed the permissible speed limits. A driver must choose a speed appropriate to the conditions — taking into account terrain, road and vehicle condition (including load), weather, and traffic density — so that they can stop safely before any foreseeable obstruction. The driver must reduce speed or stop when conditions require, particularly when visibility is poor. JB

When a wheel travels through standing water, the vehicle can aquaplane (ride on a layer of water), causing loss of traction and possible skidding. Hold the steering wheel firmly and gradually reduce speed to regain traction and maintain control.

Wild animals typically travel in groups. If you see a lone roe deer, deer, or wild boar, others are likely nearby. Herding instincts lead animals to cross roads together rather than individually.

The driver's reaction time is delayed by illness, fatigue, or the influence of alcohol or drugs. Distraction and poor concentration while driving also lengthen reaction time, and reaction speed typically decreases with age. RTR 14. Driving is prohibited if you are not authorized to operate the vehicle, or if you are intoxicated or under the influence of narcotic, psychotropic or other psychoactive substances. A person who is tired or ill must not drive if doing so could endanger road safety. A vehicle must not be entrusted to anyone affected by these factors or without the required authorization for that vehicle type. When operating a vehicle, the driver must comply with the requirements shown on their driving licence.

Using the horn may distract the driver being overtaken but will not prevent the overtaking; they may still accelerate to complete the manoeuvre. Obstructing an overtaking vehicle includes actions such as accelerating, steering toward the overtaking vehicle, blocking the lane, or any other behaviour intended to prevent another driver from passing. RTR 138. The driver of a vehicle being overtaken must not obstruct drivers who wish to pass by speeding up or by any other action. RTR 136. Drivers are advised to avoid unnecessary overtaking manoeuvres. Before overtaking, drivers must take extra precautions and ensure that: 136.1. no driver behind them has already begun to overtake; 136.2. the driver of the vehicle to be overtaken is not signalling a left turn; 136.3. the section of lane required for overtaking is clear and the manoeuvre will not obstruct oncoming vehicles or pedestrians on the carriageway; 136.4. a safe distance from the vehicle being overtaken can be maintained during the overtaking; 136.5. after the overtaking manoeuvre they will be able to return to the same traffic lane safely without obstructing the overtaken vehicle. JB

RTR 143. Standing on unlit sections of the road during the hours of darkness or when visibility is poor is permitted with hazard warning lights on, and parking is permitted only in car parks or off-road areas.  

On slopes marked with the appropriate road signs, the vehicle traveling downhill must give way when an obstruction is present, regardless of which side the obstruction occupies (RTR 139). However, if it is difficult for two vehicles to pass each other, the driver whose side has the obstruction should give way.

Road sign 334 — “No parking on odd days”. Parking is prohibited on the side of the road where this sign is placed on odd-numbered days of the month. Road sign 335 — “No parking on even days”. Parking is prohibited on the side of the road where this sign is placed on even-numbered days of the month. When signs 334 and 335 are installed on both sides of the road, vehicles must be moved from one side to the other between 19:00 and 24:00 (7:00 pm–12:00 am); during that interval, parking is permitted on either side of the road.

JB

RTR 38. Persons moving in a wheelchair, or guiding a motorcycle, moped, bicycle, motorised two‑wheeled vehicle, electric micromobility device, or pulling (pushing) a sledge or handcart along the shoulder or edge of the carriageway must proceed in single file and only in the direction of traffic. RTR 64. Cyclists must not: 64.1. ride on the carriageway, except in cases permitted by the Rules. RTR 57. Bicycles may be ridden only on cycle tracks, combined footpath/cycle tracks, or cycle lanes; if none of these are available, bicycles may be ridden on a suitable hard shoulder (with asphalt or concrete surfacing). When a right‑side cycle track, combined footpath/cycle track, cycle lane, or suitable hard shoulder is not available or is unsuitable for cycling (for example, pitted), cyclists may use the pavement or ride in single file on the right‑hand lane of the carriageway, keeping to the right edge of the lane, except in the cases specified in paragraph 106 of these Rules and except when cyclists must bypass an obstruction or continue straight where turning right from the first lane is the only permitted manoeuvre. When riding on a hard shoulder, footpath, cycle track, or pavement, a cyclist must yield to pedestrians, must not obstruct or endanger them, and should pass pedestrians at a speed close to walking pace (3–7 km/h), leaving sufficient lateral clearance to ensure safety.

Driving smoothly and in a civilised manner is important to avoid unnecessary noise. Sudden engine revs, hard braking or wheel locks make loud noises and disturb others. Knocking on doors or unnecessary use of the horn violates the principle of public order. Such actions not only cause noise pollution but also indicate irresponsible driving behaviour.

RTR 92. If the emergency warning light system is not fitted or is defective and an emergency stop is required where stopping or parking is prohibited, in the event of an accident, or where the stopped vehicle would be visible to other road users from less than 100 metres, the driver of a motor vehicle (other than a motor moped or a motorcycle without a trailer), a tractor, or a self-propelled machine must immediately place an emergency stop sign on the carriageway side opposite to the direction of travel: in settlements, not closer than 25 m, and outside settlements, not closer than 50 m from the stopped vehicle. If at least one rear position lamp is defective and the hazard warning lights do not work while driving in darkness or poor visibility, an emergency stop sign must be attached to the rear of the vehicle in order to continue driving. RTR 151. When a vehicle is forced to stop where standing or parking is forbidden, drivers must switch on hazard warning lights if available and/or place a warning triangle on the road as specified in Paragraph 92 of the Rules, and remove the vehicle from the road as soon as possible. If drivers intend to stop on unlit road sections at night or in poor visibility and hazard warning lights are unavailable or inoperable, the vehicle must be parked off the carriageway. If this is impossible, the place must be marked as specified in Paragraph 92 of the Rules. JB

The yellow vehicle goes first because it is the only one without a vehicle to its right obstructing its path. Next comes the green vehicle, and last is the red vehicle. RTR 155. At an uncontrolled intersection, drivers must yield to vehicles approaching from the right when their trajectories intersect.

Regulation RTR 173. Drivers must not: 173.3. enter a level crossing after the barrier has been lowered or is in the process of being lowered; deliberately lift the barrier; or drive around the barriers.

RTR 144. Vehicles must stop and park on the carriageway in a single line. RTR 145. Motorcycles without a sidecar, mopeds, bicycles, and electric micromobility devices may be parked in two lines provided such parking does not obstruct traffic.

The green vehicle is on the main (priority) road, so it does not need to give way to the blue vehicle when turning left. Right-of-way rules vary depending on whether an intersection is controlled: at a controlled intersection, drivers entering from a side road must yield to traffic on the priority road. See rule 154.

The order of the General Director of the state company "Regitra" "On the approval of the description of the criteria and methods for evaluating the skills and abilities of driving a motor vehicle" in 2013 December 23 No. V-223: 3.18. Speed selection: accelerate evenly, drive at a speed appropriate to the traffic situation and do not exceed the permitted speed: 3.18.1. control the speed of the vehicle by performing maneuvers: 3.18.1.1. if necessary, maintain a speed slow enough to compensate for any error made; 3.18.1.2. the vehicle must move evenly and smoothly; JB

A generator charges the battery and supplies electrical current to the vehicle's electrical systems and other consumers only while the engine is running, i.e. while the engine's crankshaft is turning. Via the drive pulley and belt, the crankshaft turns the generator, which produces electricity.

On roads with four or more lanes, a double solid line separates opposing traffic flows. It prohibits driving in lanes that carry traffic in the opposite direction on the marked section; vehicles must not cross this line.

For safety, check the vehicles behind you before changing lanes so you don't force them to brake suddenly. Also monitor following traffic immediately before turning, since other drivers may change speed or perform unexpected manoeuvres.

He is allowed because the driver of the green vehicle must complete the overtaking maneuver. RTR Annex 3.1.10: A double line composed of two narrow parallel lines — one solid and one broken — separates traffic moving in opposite directions or in the same direction on road sections where lane changing is permitted only from one lane. It also marks locations for U-turns and the entrances and exits of parking areas where travel is allowed in only one direction. Drivers may cross this line from the side of the broken line, and they may also cross it from the side of the solid line only when finishing an overtaking or passing maneuver.

Driving uphill requires more power than driving on level ground. Therefore, maintain a steady speed and avoid accelerating on climbs. It is reasonable to increase speed on level sections or when driving downhill. At a constant speed, using a higher gear reduces engine revolutions; lower revolutions mean the engine works less and uses less fuel. Do not coast in neutral when descending — this is not only uneconomical but also unsafe. While coasting downhill, vehicle systems may cut fuel supply, so the instrument reading can show 0.0 l/100 km (if you do not press the accelerator). It is most economical to start moving immediately after you start the engine. Idling a stationary vehicle consumes fuel and emits pollutants; the engine will warm up and reach normal operating temperature during driving (unless there is a malfunction).

Traffic rules prohibit reversing only on motorways, expressways and in tunnels; otherwise reversing is allowed. U‑turns are prohibited here because they would require driving against the flow of traffic. RTR Annex 1, III — Restrictive signs: Road sign 332 'No stopping'. Vehicles must not stop or stand on the side of the road where this sign is placed, except for stopping at bus stops. The sign does not apply to vehicles displaying the distinguishing sign 'A person with a disability' or holding a parking card for people with disabilities. If the sign is used in combination with road marking 1.4, the prohibition applies until the end of that marking. RTR Annex 1, V — Special regulation signs: Road sign 503 'One-way traffic' — indicates a road or carriageway where vehicular traffic moves in one direction across the full width.

Any load that projects laterally, even slightly, must be marked. During hours of darkness such a load must be indicated by lights. Loads projecting beyond the sides of the vehicle must always be marked; loads projecting beyond the front or rear do not always require marking. According to RTR 210 and Annex 4: loads extending more than 1 m beyond the front or rear of the vehicle, or projecting laterally beyond the vehicle's outer edge, must be marked as specified in Annex 4.12. Extreme edges of loads that extend more than 1 m beyond the vehicle's dimensions, or that project even minimally to the side, as well as extreme edges of vehicles wider than 2.6 m, shall be marked with distinguishing panels — 400 mm square plates with alternating reflective white and red diagonal stripes 50 mm wide. These panels must be mounted between 0.4 m and 1.6 m above ground level. During hours of darkness or in poor visibility such vehicles must also display lights in the designated positions: white at the front, orange at the sides, and red at the rear.

RTR 40. An organised group of children consisting of persons under the age of 16 must be accompanied by at least two accompanying persons. Such a group should use pavements, footpaths or combined footpaths and cycle tracks (on the pedestrian side) if available; if these are not available, the group may use the hard shoulder but only in daylight, with good visibility, in no more than two abreast and against the flow of traffic when it is safe to do so. Accompanying persons must be positioned at the front and the rear of the column and wear high-visibility vests. It is recommended that all children in the organised group who walk along the hard shoulder also wear high-visibility vests.

Incorrect tyre pressure usually causes the vehicle to pull to one side during normal driving, not only when braking. If the car only pulls while braking, uneven braking is the likely cause — for example, a seized caliper, sticking pads, or poor adjustment causing one side to brake harder. Low brake fluid will reduce braking effectiveness or cause pedal problems, but it typically does not make the car swerve to one side only when braking.