If the windows fog up (for example after washing the vehicle), the heating/ventilation setting may be incorrect.

The higher a vehicle's center of gravity (for example, when carrying tall loads or items on the roof), the greater the risk of rollover when cornering.

RTR 151. If a vehicle is forced to stop where standing or parking is prohibited, the driver must switch on the hazard warning lights if available and/or place a warning triangle on the road as specified in Paragraph 92 of the Rules, and remove the vehicle from the road as soon as possible. If the driver intends to stop on unlit sections of road during the hours of darkness or when visibility is poor, and the hazard warning lights are not available or are inoperative, the vehicle must be parked off the carriageway. If that is impossible, the stopping location must be marked as specified in Paragraph 92 of the Rules. RTR 92. If the emergency light signalling system is not fitted or is defective and an emergency stop is required where stopping or parking is prohibited, in the event of an accident, or where the stopped vehicle would be visible to other road users from less than 100 metres, the driver of a motor vehicle (other than a motor moped or a motorcycle without a trailer), a tractor or a self-propelled machine must immediately erect an emergency stop sign on the side of the carriageway opposite the direction of travel: in built-up areas not closer than 25 m, and outside built-up areas not closer than 50 m to the stopped vehicle. If at least one rear position lamp is defective and the emergency light signal does not work when driving in the dark or in poor visibility, an emergency stop sign must be affixed to the rear of the vehicle in order to continue driving. Law on Road Traffic Safety art. 13.14. The driver of a motor vehicle, tractor or self-propelled machine who stops at night on an unlit road or in conditions of poor visibility, except in designated parking spaces, must wear a high-visibility vest with reflective elements. JB

Under Article 23 of the Law on Road Traffic Safety, there are two ways to obtain a category A (motorcycle) driving licence. You may obtain category A from the age of 24 without prior experience. Alternatively, from the age of 20 you may obtain category A if you have at least two years' qualifying experience riding category A2 motorcycles. The two-year A2 experience requirement does not apply to applicants aged 24 or older. Separately, the right to drive tricycles (three-wheelers) with power exceeding 15 kW is granted from the age of 21.

If a road accident results only in property damage and the owner of the damaged property is not present at the scene and cannot be contacted, the road user involved must immediately notify the owner or, if that is not possible, report the accident to the police. XXIX. Obligations of Road Users in the Event of a Road Accident (paras. 219–222) 219. In the event of a road accident, every driver involved or any other road user must: 219.1. stop immediately without creating further danger to other road users and mark the accident scene as required by subparagraph 91.2 and paragraph 92 of these Rules; 219.2. take all possible measures to ensure safety at the scene, and if the police are called, avoid (without endangering traffic) altering the circumstances of the accident and preserve the traces and evidence of the collision; 219.3. at the request of other road users involved, present a valid identity document or driving licence and a certificate (policy) of compulsory motor third-party liability insurance to identify the insurer; 219.4. if a person has been injured or has died in the accident, report the accident to the police and remain at the scene, or after notifying the police return and wait for them, except where the police permit departure or where the casualties or the person reporting the accident require immediate first aid; 219.5. take all necessary measures to provide first aid to the casualties, call an ambulance or, if calling an ambulance or transporting casualties to a medical facility by other means is impossible, carry them to the nearest medical facility in a private vehicle unless such transport would endanger their life or health. 222. If a road accident causes only property damage and the victim is not present at the scene, the road user involved must immediately notify the victim or, if that is not possible, the police.

Driving across a level crossing where the traffic lights are switched off and the barrier is raised or absent is permitted, but only if you obey traffic regulations and ensure that no train is approaching. 168. Before entering and crossing a level crossing, a road user must comply with road signs, road markings, the position of the barrier, traffic lights, audible warnings, and the signals given by level crossing attendants/controllers. Before entering a level crossing, a road user must always verify that no rail-borne vehicle is approaching the level crossing. It is recommended that children under 12 be accompanied when crossing a level crossing. 173. Drivers must not: 173.3. enter a level crossing after the barrier has been lowered or has begun to be lowered, willfully lift the barrier or manoeuvre around the barriers;

RTR 170. When yielding to an approaching rail vehicle, or whenever crossing a level crossing is prohibited, drivers must stop at the STOP line, the 'Stop' traffic sign, traffic lights, or barriers. If none of these are present, drivers must stop no nearer than 10 metres from the first rail. When a STOP line is used together with a 'Stop' sign, the driver must stop at the STOP line; if the STOP line is absent, stop at the 'Stop' sign even if a flashing white traffic light is displayed. JB

RTR 107. If, because of large dimensions or other reasons, a vehicle cannot turn (or make a U‑turn) from the edge position, it may execute the turn from a location other than the lane edge designated for travel in that direction, provided the manoeuvre does not obstruct other vehicles or create hazards for other road users.

RTR 206. A driver must ensure the safety of pets in a vehicle and must ensure that pets are transported so they do not interfere with driving and cannot injure themselves or vehicle occupants or other road users if the driver makes a sudden stop.

91. If a vehicle is equipped with hazard warning lights, they must be used: 91.7 when other road users should be warned of an obstruction or hazard.

Select the signs that indicate the car battery may be dead.

If the vehicle begins to slide while braking, you must stop braking. For example, if you brake suddenly and lock the wheels before a turn, even after steering into the desired direction the car will continue moving in its previous direction (straight), which can cause you to leave the road or collide with an obstacle. Therefore, in this situation you must consciously release the brakes — a maneuver that can be especially difficult for an inexperienced driver. JB

RTR 136. Drivers should avoid unnecessary overtaking maneuvers. Before overtaking, drivers must take extra precautions and ensure that: 136.1 no driver following has already begun to overtake them; 136.2 the driver of the vehicle to be overtaken is not signaling a left turn; 136.3 the portion of the lane required for overtaking is clear and the maneuver will not obstruct oncoming traffic or pedestrians on the carriageway; 136.4 a safe distance from the vehicle being overtaken will be maintained throughout the maneuver; 136.5 after overtaking, the driver can safely return to the original lane without obstructing the overtaken vehicle.

On slopes marked with the appropriate road signs, the vehicle traveling downhill must give way when an obstruction is present, regardless of which side the obstruction occupies (RTR 139). However, if it is difficult for two vehicles to pass each other, the driver whose side has the obstruction should give way.

RTR 221. Road users involved in a traffic accident must refrain from consuming alcoholic beverages, medications, narcotic drugs, or any other intoxicating substances immediately after the accident until they have either undergone, or formally refused, a test to determine drunkenness or impairment caused by a narcotic, psychotropic, or any other substance.

The higher the vehicle's speed when cornering, the greater the effect of inertia and the higher the risk of the car sliding sideways. Lower speeds reduce inertia and the risk of sliding. A larger turning radius (a gentler curve) also reduces lateral inertial forces.

Carrying a 100 kg load in city driving increases fuel consumption by about 0.5 L per 100 km. The air conditioner consumes approximately 0.5–1.0 L/100 km; a fan consumes about 0.08–0.3 L/100 km; the radio about 0.06–0.21 L/100 km; modern audio systems about 0.2–0.7 L/100 km. JB

Outside built-up areas, a driver may warn others when overtaking by flashing the high or low beams (provided this does not dazzle other road users) or by sounding the horn. Within built-up areas, flashing the lights is permitted if it does not dazzle others; sounding the horn is prohibited except when necessary to avoid a traffic accident. RTR — 89.

Note that a motorized bicycle must have at least two wheels and an auxiliary internal combustion engine or an electric motor — it is not sufficient for it to have only an internal combustion engine. SEAK Art. 2.40. "Motorized bicycle" — a vehicle with at least two wheels that is powered by the rider’s muscular force using pedals or handlebars and is equipped with an auxiliary internal combustion engine or electric motor with a maximum net power of no more than 1 kW and a maximum design speed of no more than 25 km/h. The auxiliary engine stops providing power when the vehicle reaches 25 km/h. Wheelchairs for persons with disabilities are not classified as motorized bicycles.

Law on Road Traffic Safety, Article 2, paragraph 2. An automobile is a motor vehicle designed to travel on roads to carry goods and/or passengers or to tow other vehicles, excluding motorcycles, light quadricycles, quadricycles, power quadricycles, mopeds, tricycles, tractors, and self-propelled machines. Automobiles also include trolleybuses, which are non-rail vehicles powered by overhead electric cables. JB

If the parking brake is used when starting on an uphill gradient, release it simultaneously with moving off.

RTR XVI.140. Overtaking is prohibited. Clause 140.8: in residential areas, courtyards of apartment buildings, parking lots, and bicycle streets. JB

Passengers may be carried in a towed vehicle except when the vehicle is being towed with its front or rear supported on a towing platform or other support device. Regulation 195 states that drivers must not: 195.4. carry passengers inside a bus, trolleybus, or the body of a goods vehicle that is being towed; if the front or rear of a vehicle is resting on a support device, passengers must not be inside the vehicle or in its cargo body.

Difference between active and passive safety: - Active safety: systems and features that help prevent accidents by improving vehicle control, handling and stability before a collision occurs. These measures operate before an impact and commonly include technologies such as Anti-lock Braking System (ABS), Electronic Brakeforce Distribution (EBD), traction control, correct tyre pressure and adequate tread depth, among others. Active safety also depends on the driver’s condition and behavior — for example, poor ventilation or heating can cause drowsiness or nausea and reduce attention on the road. - Passive safety: systems and equipment designed to reduce injury and damage during or after a collision. These features are activated in a crash to protect occupants and other road users and include seat belts, airbags, motorcycle helmets, seat-belt reminders, head restraints, crumple zones and other structural or restraint systems that absorb impact and lower the risk of injury.

When you see a pothole, reduce your speed and try to steer around it. If avoidance is impossible and an impact cannot be prevented, release the brakes just before the pothole and straighten the steering — this reduces the chance of damaging the tire or suspension components.

RTR 21. Driving training. 4. Driving instruction on roads is permitted only when the student possesses sufficient driving skill. Instruction may be carried out only on roads where the owner has not prohibited it.

82. A driver must signal intended maneuvers using the vehicle's turn signals, or by arm signals if the electrical indicators are inoperative or unavailable: 82.1 before starting to move and before stopping; 82.2 before changing lanes, before and after overtaking, before and after passing an obstruction, before turning right or left, before making a U-turn, and before exiting a roundabout.

When vehicle speed increases, the layer of water on the road becomes deeper. Heavier rainfall also increases the water layer during driving. On roads with a transverse crown (where the carriageway is higher in the centre), the water layer is thinner because rainwater drains off the surface toward the edges more quickly. On asphalt, a tyre can displace only as much water as the volume available in its tread.

A squeal heard during a sudden rise in engine RPM is typically caused by a loose or worn accessory drive belt, which can slip on the pulleys.

According to the traffic regulations, vehicles fitted with studded tyres must not be used from April 10 to October 31. Therefore, winter tyres without studs are permitted during that period. However, using summer tyres is recommended in warm conditions. If winter conditions persist, the Minister of Transport and Communications may issue an order extending the permitted use of studded tyres.