Pedestrian crossings: 1.13.1. A 'zebra' — horizontal striped markings — indicates an uncontrolled pedestrian crossing. An uncontrolled pedestrian crossing may be marked with 'zebra' stripes only on a bicycle path or in a parking area. 1.13.3. Two parallel lines made up of rectangular blocks indicate a pedestrian crossing controlled by traffic lights.

It is not necessary to apply the parking brake in this situation, except when you must stop on a slope before turning left. From a traffic-safety perspective, it is safer for the vehicle’s front wheels to remain straight. If a stopped car with its front wheels turned left is struck from behind, it can be pushed into the oncoming lane and collide with an approaching vehicle. RTR 82. A driver must indicate intended maneuvers by using the right or left direction indicators, or by arm signals if the indicators are unavailable or inoperative: 82.1 before starting to move off and before stopping; 82.2 before changing lanes; before and after overtaking; before and after bypassing an obstruction; before turning right or left; before turning around; and before leaving an intersection where vehicles must move in a circle. JB

When entering a lit tunnel at night, drivers must switch from main‑beam (high‑beam) to dipped‑beam (low‑beam) headlamps to avoid dazzling other road users and to reduce reflections from the tunnel walls. Under rule 95, during hours of darkness or when visibility is poor, main beams must be switched to dipped beams: 95.1. on appropriately illuminated roads.

RTR 131. Outside built-up areas, the following maximum speeds apply: On motorways — cars, goods vehicles with a maximum authorised mass up to 3.5 tonnes, motorcycles and tricycles: 130 km/h from April through October, and 110 km/h from November through March. On express roads/highways: 120 km/h from April through October, and 110 km/h from November through March. On roads with asphalt or concrete surfacing: 90 km/h. On other roads: 70 km/h. JB

RTR 12. Road users must immediately yield to approaching emergency vehicles that display blue and red (or only blue) flashing lights and use special audible signals, as well as to vehicles escorted by them. Road users shall form an emergency corridor as follows: 12.1 On a road with a single lane in one direction, drivers must stop on the right hard shoulder if one exists; if there is no hard shoulder, they must stop as close as possible to the right edge of the carriageway. 12.2 On a road with two or more lanes in the same direction, vehicles in the far-left lane must move and stop as close as possible to the left edge of the carriageway designated for that direction, while vehicles in the lanes to the right must move and stop as close as possible to the right edge of the carriageway (or the hard shoulder). 12.3 On a road with a central reservation, only drivers travelling in the same direction must comply with the requirements in paragraphs 12.1 and 12.2. RTR 154. At a controlled intersection, drivers on a side (minor) road must yield to vehicles approaching on the priority road.

RTR 131. The following speed limits apply outside built-up areas: 131.2. The maximum speed for A1, A2, A or B category vehicles driven by novice drivers, persons learning to drive or taking a practical driving test, and buses (including school buses) is: 100 km/h on motorways; 90 km/h on highways; 80 km/h on roads with asphalt or concrete pavement; and 70 km/h on other roads. JB

Regulation RTR 145: Motorcycles without sidecars, mopeds, bicycles, and electric micromobility devices may be parked in two rows on the carriageway, provided such parking does not obstruct traffic.

Towing a vehicle whose engine has failed or stopped running is not prohibited. However, if the engine is not operating, the brakes may not function correctly because the brake servo will not work, and steering will be more difficult because the power steering will not operate. When using a dolly to tow a vehicle, towing is prohibited if only part of the vehicle rests on the dolly; it is permitted only when the entire vehicle rests on the dolly. RTR 217. The following vehicle towing and transporting practices are prohibited: 217.1 towing a vehicle with a broken steering mechanism using a tow rope or a rigid tow bar; 217.10 carrying a vehicle with part of it resting on a dolly.

RTR 09. Road users must take all necessary precautions: they shall not endanger the safety or property of other road users or third parties, nor cause obstructions to traffic. Road users must also take all reasonable steps to prevent or minimize harm, except when doing so would put their own life or health, or that of others, at risk, or when such measures would result in greater harm than could be avoided.

TRT 4.18. Vehicles driven by persons with less than two years' driving experience must display a distinguishing sign on the left-hand side of the rear: a white square with a green border and a green maple leaf centered within. Each side of the square must measure between 100 and 150 mm, and the border width must equal one-tenth of the square's side length. JB

The option "More than 1 meter long" is incorrect because the RTR do not specify any marking requirement based on the cart's length. Under RTR 41: pedestrians moving along an unlit hard shoulder or along the edge of the carriageway, or standing there during hours of darkness or when visibility is poor, must carry a torch visible to other road users, wear a high-visibility vest, or carry a reflector visible to other road users. A pulled or pushed handcart wider than 1 m must have reflectors affixed on its left side: a white reflector at the front and a red reflector at the rear. JB

RTR 95. During hours of darkness or in conditions of poor visibility, main beam headlights must be switched to low beam. 95.2 When the distance to a vehicle approaching from the opposite direction is at least 150 m. JB

When using engine braking on a downhill slope, the driver should select a gear at the start of the descent that will not require further shifting while descending — this is especially important on slippery slopes. Steeper slopes require choosing a lower gear.

If you turn left or right, you will continue onto an unpaved road where the maximum speed is 70 km/h. If you go straight ahead, the maximum speed is 80 km/h. The posted speed limit applies until the next intersection or crossroads that is marked with priority road signs. If a crossroads is not marked with priority road signs, the speed limit sign continues to apply beyond that crossroads. Therefore, in this case, the speed limit sign remains in effect after the crossroads. RTR 131. The following speed limits must be observed outside built-up areas: 131.1. (...) 90 km/h on roads with asphalt or concrete pavement, and 70 km/h on other roads. RTR Annex 1. 5. Prohibitions indicated by restrictive signs (Nos. 319, 325, 327, 329, and 331–335) with zonal validity apply from the location of the restrictive sign up to the nearest intersection (including the area of the intersection) or crossroads (including the area of the crossroads) that are marked with priority road signs or the following road signs: 'Uncontrolled Intersection', 'Intersection with a Side Road', 'Side Road on the Right', 'Side Road on the Left', or 'Roundabout' after the restrictive sign; and in a built-up area, if no intersection or crossroads are indicated, until the 'End of Built-Up Area' sign is reached. 5.1. Prohibitions indicated by restrictive signs (Nos. 332–335) with zonal validity also apply from the location of the restrictive sign to other restrictive signs (Nos. 332–335) or special regulation signs (Nos. 528–532).

RTR XI. WARNING SIGNALS (paras. 81–93). Paragraph 87: A driver who issues a warning signal does not have the right of way.

Wet road surfaces increase stopping distances; therefore you should reduce speed and increase the distance to the vehicle ahead.

Traffic signals are illuminated and remain visible regardless of street lighting. Road signs are typically made with reflective material, making them easier to see when headlights shine on them. Oncoming vehicles drive with dipped-beam headlights on, so they are generally visible. However, on a road with uneven lighting you will have more difficulty seeing pedestrians who are in unlit or poorly lit areas.

Other vehicles must yield to special vehicles that have blue and red (or only blue) flashing lights AND audible warning signals activated. If a police car displays only blue and red (or only blue) flashing lights without an audible signal, it does not have the right of way (RTR 155). At an uncontrolled intersection, drivers must yield to vehicles approaching from the right if their paths intersect (RTR 12). Road users must immediately give way to approaching special vehicles with blue and red (or only blue) flashing lights and audible warnings, as well as to vehicles escorted by them. Road users must form an emergency corridor as follows: 12.1 On a road with one lane in each direction, drivers should stop on the right-hand hard shoulder if available; if not, as close as possible to the right-hand edge of the carriageway. 12.2 On a road with two or more lanes in the same direction, vehicles in the far-left lane should move as close to the left edge (the appropriate edge of the carriageway for that direction) as possible and stop, while vehicles in the lanes to the right should move as close to the right edge (toward the right-hand edge of the carriageway or the hard shoulder) as possible and stop. 12.3 On a road with a central reservation, only drivers travelling in the same direction must comply with the requirements set out in 12.1 and 12.2.

Any part of a load that protrudes beyond the vehicle's lateral profile, however slightly, must be marked. Specifically, loads extending more than 0.5 m beyond the vehicle's sides must be identified (Annex 4, §12). Extremities projecting more than 1 m beyond the front or rear of the vehicle, any parts extending laterally beyond the vehicle, and the extremities of vehicles wider than 2.6 m must display distinctive markers: square plates 400 mm on a side with alternating diagonal reflective stripes 50 mm wide in white and red. These plates must be mounted between 0.4 m and 1.6 m above ground level. During darkness or poor visibility, vehicles with protruding points must also show lights on those points: white at the front, amber on the sides, and red at the rear. JB

RTR 12. Road users must immediately yield to approaching special vehicles that have blue and red (or only blue) flashing lights and activated special audible signals, as well as to vehicles being escorted by them. Road users shall give way to such approaching special vehicles and escorted convoys and shall form an emergency corridor as follows: 12.1. On a road with a single lane in each direction, drivers shall stop on the right-hand hard shoulder if available; if not, they shall stop near the right edge of the carriageway. 12.2. On a road with two or more lanes in the same direction, vehicles in the far-left lane shall move as close as possible to the left edge (the lane edge designated for that direction) and stop; vehicles in the lanes to the right of the far-left lane shall move as close as possible to the right edge (toward the right-hand edge of the carriageway or the hard shoulder) and stop. 12.3. On a road with a central reservation, only drivers travelling in the same direction must comply with the requirements set out in 12.1 and 12.2.

Wild animals typically travel in groups. If you see a lone roe deer, deer, or wild boar, others are likely nearby. Herding instincts lead animals to cross roads together rather than individually.

Article 119 of the Road Traffic Regulations (RTC), which requires drivers to keep as close as possible to the right-hand edge of the carriageway, applies to driving straight and other situations where keeping close to the right edge is necessary. It does not apply to the situation shown here. When making a turn, paragraph 108 of the RTC allows the driver to choose any lane if the turn is executed from a single lane. Therefore, a driver may enter any lane at an intersection when turning and is not strictly bound to remain adjacent to the right-hand edge. 108. A turning manoeuvre shall be performed so that the vehicle would not end up in the lane of oncoming traffic while entering and exiting the crossroads. If turning or making a U-turn is possible from a single lane, drivers may choose any lane of the carriageway into which they are turning. If turning from more than one lane is allowed, drivers must turn in such a way as not to obstruct a vehicle turning in the adjacent lane.

Driving smoothly and courteously helps prevent unnecessary noise. Sudden engine revving, hard braking or wheel lock-up produce loud sounds that disturb others. Slamming vehicle doors or using the horn without cause breaches public order. These actions not only create noise pollution but also demonstrate irresponsible driving behaviour.

RTR 150. Standing and parking are prohibited as follows: 150.1 on level crossings and within 50 m of them; 150.4 on pedestrian crossings and within 5 m before them, and on roads with a single lane in each direction also within 5 m after the pedestrian crossing; 150.6 on footpaths and/or cycle tracks and within 5 m of the point where the carriageway meets a footpath and/or cycle track; and, on roads with a single lane in each direction, within 5 m after the footpath and/or cycle track. JB

Switch off the engine whenever the vehicle will remain stationary for an extended period. Idling increases fuel consumption and emissions. If the vehicle remains stopped, turn off the engine after about 15 seconds. In urban driving you can save up to 1 liter of fuel per 100 km by avoiding idling. At short stops such as traffic intersections it is generally not worthwhile to switch off the engine (unless your vehicle has an automatic start‑stop system).

Regulation RTR 167: When an intersection is controlled by traffic lights, drivers must obey the light signals regardless of any priority indicated by road signs. If the traffic lights are not operating or the amber (yellow) light is flashing, drivers must follow the priority indicated by the road signs.

This is not an intersection but the entrance to a yard. Therefore, vehicle C is not prohibited from parking in this way. RTR 150. Standing and parking shall be prohibited: 150.15 at crossroads and in places where vehicles enter the road from adjacent areas and exit the road to adjacent areas, and within a 5-metre distance from those points (on the side of the road where the entrance/exit is located), except where road signs permit parking.

As speed increases, the braking distance increases proportionally to the square of the velocity. Higher speed also causes tyres to wear out faster due to greater friction with the road surface. Additionally, your field of vision narrows, reducing the angle under which you can see the road. All of these factors increase the likelihood of an accident.

According to the traffic regulations, vehicles fitted with studded tyres must not be used from April 10 to October 31. Therefore, winter tyres without studs are permitted during that period. However, using summer tyres is recommended in warm conditions. If winter conditions persist, the Minister of Transport and Communications may issue an order extending the permitted use of studded tyres.

Both cars are turning left and their paths do not cross; therefore, they may pass through the intersection simultaneously. RTR 157. When turning left or making a U‑turn, the driver must yield to oncoming vehicles on roads of equal priority that are proceeding straight or turning right, and at intersections where overtaking is permitted, to overtaking vehicles as well.